Write the conditions for total internal reflection.

$A$ light wave travelling linearly in a medium of dielectric constant $4$ is incident on the horizontal interface separating the medium from air. The angle of incidence for which the total intensity of the incident wave will be reflected back into the same medium is (Given: relative permeability of the medium $\mu_{r} = 1$) (in $^{\circ}$)

At the interface between two materials having refractive indices $n_1$ and $n_2$,the critical angle for reflection of an electromagnetic wave is $\theta_{1C}$. The $n_2$ material is replaced by another material having refractive index $n_3$,such that the critical angle at the interface between $n_1$ and $n_3$ materials is $\theta_{2C}$. If $n_3 > n_2 > n_1$,$\frac{n_2}{n_3} = \frac{2}{5}$,and $\sin \theta_{2C} - \sin \theta_{1C} = \frac{1}{2}$,then $\theta_{1C}$ is:

$A$ ray of light incident on a glass sphere (refractive index $\sqrt{3}$) suffers total internal reflection before emerging out exactly parallel to the incident ray. The angle of incidence was (in $^{\circ}$)

The phenomenon utilised in an optical fibre is

$PQR$ is a right-angled prism with other angles as $60^o$ and $30^o$. The refractive index of the prism is $1.5$. $PQ$ has a thin layer of liquid. Light falls normally on the face $PR$. For total internal reflection at the face $PQ$,the maximum refractive index of the liquid is